Key components of vestibular rehabilitation therapy include:

1. Comprehensive Evaluation: A thorough assessment is conducted to evaluate the individual's vestibular function, balance, gait, mobility, and functional limitations. This may involve specialized tests such as videonystagmography (VNG), posturography, and vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) testing.

2. Symptom Management: Physical therapists work with individuals to manage vestibular symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, nausea, and visual disturbances. They provide education on symptom triggers and coping strategies, as well as techniques to minimize discomfort during activities of daily living.

3. Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers: For individuals with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a common vestibular disorder characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position, VRT may involve canalith repositioning maneuvers such as the Epley maneuver or Semont maneuver. These maneuvers help reposition displaced otoconia (calcium crystals) within the inner ear to alleviate symptoms.

4. Habituation Exercises: Habituation exercises are used to desensitize the vestibular system to motion-related stimuli that provoke dizziness or vertigo. These exercises involve exposing individuals to controlled movements or visual stimuli that trigger symptoms while encouraging habituation and adaptation over time.

5. Gaze Stabilization Exercises: Gaze stabilization exercises aim to improve the ability to maintain visual focus during head movements, which is often impaired in individuals with vestibular dysfunction. These exercises involve performing controlled head movements while fixating on a stationary target to enhance the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and minimize oscillopsia (blurred vision with head movement).

6. Balance and Gait Training: Vestibular rehabilitation includes balance and gait training exercises to improve stability, coordination, and postural control. These exercises may involve standing on unstable surfaces, walking on different surfaces, and performing dynamic balance activities to challenge the vestibular system and enhance proprioception.

7. Progressive Exercise Program: Physical therapists prescribe a customized exercise program tailored to the individual's specific impairments, goals, and tolerance. The program typically progresses from basic exercises to more challenging activities as the individual's vestibular function improves.

8. Home Exercise Program: Individuals are provided with a home exercise program consisting of exercises and activities to reinforce gains made during in-clinic sessions and promote continued progress between therapy sessions.